How to Change Sudo Password Remembering Time in Ubuntu

When You use 'sudo' command it will ask for password in First time and will remember password for 15 minutes. It is a security hole for sensitive systems.

You can change sudo Password Remembering Time in Ubuntu .


Open a terminal and type



$ sudo visudo


In Ubuntu, visudo uses nano text editor, and what it does is edit the / etc / sudoers.tmp


Check for the line as shown below



Defaults

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How to Hide Secret Data in image and audio files Ubuntu / Debian: Steghide

steganography is the technique used for hiding various data in different type of image and audio files with out changing the basic characteristics of file. Steghide is a utility for steganography. The color- respectivly sample-frequencies are not changed thus making the embedding resistant against first-order statistical tests.

Features include:
* Compression of embedded data
* Encryption of

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Howto Convert Ext3 filesystem to Ext4 Filesystem without Reinstalling OS in Ubuntu

You can convert your existing Ext3 filesystem to Ext4 with an easy procedure.

Things to remember

Unmount the filesystem before convert
Filesystem must be non-root
This way you can improve the performance, storage limits and features of your existing filesystem without reformatting and/or reinstalling your OS and softwares.

First, unmount the partition: umount /dev/sda2 (change sda2 with your

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How to Install GNOME 3 (GNOME-Shell) in ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala

GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) is a desktop environment created for the operating system GNU / Linux Desktop Environment is recognized as the official GNU project. With the announcement of version 3.0 was introduced GNOME-Shell, which integrates various functions into a 'single window.  The desktop area is divided into several parts depending on the activities and workspaces is

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How to Recover / Hack / Reset Windows NT / 2000 / XP / Vista Password Using Ubuntu Live CD

You can easily hack Windows Password with Ubuntu. You may need to reset an admin password in windows (NT/2000/XT/Vista) for many reasons, such as you have  forgotten it or you  need to repair and don't have access to the admin password. You can Easily Reset Windows password with Ubuntu.

Requirements

A little knowledge in Command Line , An Ubuntu Live CD. And a Wonderful package called chntpw.

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How to build debian package from source

1. Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list file with an entry
"deb-src http://host/debian distribution section1 section2 section3" like this.

2. apt-get update

3. apt-get source

This will download three files: a .orig.tar.gz, a .dsc and a .diff.gz. In the case of packages made specifically for Debian, the last of these is not downloaded and the first usually won't have "orig" in the name.

The .dsc

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How to Control the CPU Usage of a Process in Ubuntu / Debian Linux with cpulimit

CPULIMIT is a very good utility, this can be utilized for limiting the cpu usage of a process.  Limits are expressed in percentage, not in cpu time. This  does not act on the nice value or other scheduling priority , but on the real cpu usage. System administrators can effectively use this for avoiding there headace. The % limit from 0-100 for single processor 0-200 for dual processor.
How to

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How to Change the position of the Restore / Max / Close buttons on windows in ubuntu 9.04 , 9.10 , 10.04

Many you might have already seen that the position of the buttons on the window decorated had been left justified in ubuntu 10.04.
Actually it is very easy to change the justification.

1. Press Alt+F2 and type in

gconf-editor2. Navigate to
app->metacity->generaldouble click the "button_layout" option and change it to "menu:maximize,minimize,close"
rather than "minimize,maximize,close:menu

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How to Setup a transparent proxy with Squid in three easy steps

Modify or add following squid directives to /etc/squid/squid.conf


httpd_accel_host virtual
httpd_accel_port 80
httpd_accel_with_proxy on
httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
acl lan src 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.0/24
http_access allow localhost
http_access allow lan


Where,

httpd_accel_host virtual: Squid as an httpd accelerator
httpd_accel_port 80: 80 is port you want to act as a proxy

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[ How to ] Improve NVidia Laptop Graphics Performance in Ubuntu

NVidia laptop cards come with a feature called PowerMizer that dynamically underclocks the GPU when it's not being used much. This is great for battery power but horrible for performance when usingDesktop Effects (compiz). Unfortunately, NVidia does not provide a way to configure PowerMizer on Linux however, it's not difficult to create a script that will give you maximum speed while on AC power

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How to install 32bit deb applications in 64bit Ubuntu Linux system

Here you can see a Tip for installing 32 Bit applications i 64 bit Ubuntu
Most of the 64 bit ubuntu users need to install their popular 32 applications.  Some times it will return an error you have to use ia32 libraries. .In ubuntu Linux you can easily install ia32 Libraries.




Open a terminal type:

$ sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

Now You can install your application

$sudo dpkg -i - -

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How to Backup using Rsync in Ubuntu

rsync is a software application for Unix systems which synchronizes files and directories from one location to another while minimizing data transfer using delta encoding when appropriate. An important feature of rsync not found in most similar programs/protocols is that the mirroring takes place with only one transmission in each direction. rsync can copy or display directory contents and copy

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[ How to ] Auto-mounting internal drives in Ubuntu

sudo gedit /etc/hal/fdi/policy/preferences.fdi

To fix it so that internal drives will show up on your desktop when you boot up, change this line

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How To hide Apache2 version Information from hackers

Some times we need to hide apache banner information, because hackers check version details, before attacking a sever, If you close this door, it is more difficult for them to exploit any system holes and thus making vulnerability scanners work harder and in some cases impossible without knowing version information.


Do the following steps
Modify /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Change the

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HowTo Find out if Installed Linux is 32 bits or 64 bits

To figure out  whether we have installed Linux is of 32 bits or 64 bits, you can run the following command in a Terminal:
uname -mThe possible outcomes and their meanings are:

    * i686       : Installed 32-bit version.
    * x86_64 : Installed 64-bit version.



or try 


[root@rhel55 basil]# file `which file`
/usr/bin/file: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/

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How To: Add the Computer, Trash, and Home icons to the Desktop

This how-to will explain exactly how to add these icons to your desktop, in a completely graphical way.

1. You're going to follow this path in the Ubuntu panel:
Applications --> System Tools --> Configuration Editor.

2. If the above path existed, skip this step.

Sometimes System Tools isn't in the menu by default. It's simple to change by simply hovering your mouse over the taskbar, and

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How to Customize GDM2 in ubuntu 9.10 jaunty

This is new GDM2 configuration gui tools you can use this tool to change GDM images,icons, GTK theme,enable/disable login sound and hide users list from login screen.This tool is useful for ubuntu 9.10 users.

1.) Download the Code from here or from here

2.) Copy it into /home/

3.) Open a console and make the file executable:

chmod a+x gdm-setup.py

4.) Start Script with

gksu gdm-setup.py

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How to Share Internet Connections in Ubuntu using bridge-utils

Network Bridge comes in handy. Its essentially the same as ICS, only more flexible, albeit less secure. You might want to have a firewall remain on your system with it.

Normally, using a series of commands will work when bridge-utils is installed, but they're only for the current session. We want to make it permanent.


Procedure to follow

1. Get bridge-utils through Synaptic. This is the 

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[ How to fix ] Desktop Effects can't be enabled for intel integrated graphic in Jaunty

First, download Forlong's compiz-check

You can use this command to download it to your home directory:


wget http://blogage.de/files/9124/download -O compiz-check

Afterwards, you have to make it executable:

chmod +x compiz-check

And finally run it like this:

./compiz-check

If they output shows that Your intel graphic card is in the blacklist, this is the perfect solution for you.

Edit the

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How to recover from corrupt rpm database on RHEL/CentOS/Fedora

First and foremost thing take a backup of the existing rpm database( yes the corrupted one...you never know...).This is located in /var/lib/rpm ..depend on your distribution.

Now go to that dir(/var/lib) and take a backup of entire rpm dir ..like this:

tar -cvzf rpm-date.tar.gz rpm

And finally start rebuilding the rpm database like this:

cd /var/lib/rpm

rm -f __db* # delete it if present

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